Studying the consequences of various examples of genocide is important not only in terms of identifying the degree of their severity for the victim groups, but also in terms of clarifying the attitude of the international community towards these crimes at the time they were committed. It is important to understand what the position of the great powers was towards these crimes, whether it was expressed through simple condemnation, or certain measures were taken to stop the mass extermination of representatives of ethnic, racial, religious and national groups. From this point of view, in the context of comparing the consequences of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire and the Yezidi Genocide in the region Sinjar of Iraq, the object of the given study is the reaction and degree of intervention of the international community, and influential actors in world politics, with the aim of stopping the further extermination of representatives of the victim groups of these crimes. To achieve the stated goals and objectives, the study combines historicalcomparative and analytical methods, uses a wide range of primary and secondary sources, as well as interdisciplinary research by specialists.

KeywordsArmenian Genocide Ottoman Empire Yezidi Genocide region Sinjar of Iraq international intervention consequences of crimes conviction rates

Once again, made by Azerbaijan, we witnessed crimes during the military operations against Artsakh in 2020. The 44-day war was marked by widespread breaches of international law, deliberate attacks on civilian infrastructure and cultural monuments, the use of prohibited weapons, and other war crimes. This resulted in thousands of casualties, tens of thousands of wounded and displaced individuals, and extensive destruction. During the 44-day war, Azerbaijani armed forces launched systematic and coordinated attacks on nearly all settlements in Artsakh, targeting residential houses, public buildings, and educational institutions. From the very first day of the war, Azerbaijan launched relentless shelling and bombing campaigns on Stepanakert and multiple communities across Askeran, Martuni, Hadrut, Martakert, Karvachar, and Kashatagh districts. Thousands of civilians were left homeless as their apartments and houses were either destroyed or rendered uninhabitable. Throughout the war, more than 170 peaceful settlements were targeted using aircraft, heavy artillery, rockets, and tanks. Throughout the entire 44-day war, Azerbaijan’s military-political leadership, while continuing to commit war crimes, deliberately and periodically targeted key civilian infrastructure across Artsakh, including power, communication, gas and water supply systems, bridges, and food storage facilities. Since September 27, the telephone and Internet network has been another deliberate target. First, Azerbaijani hackers caused serious problems in the communication system for several days, resulting in tens of thousands of civilians being unable to communicate for long periods. Schools, kindergartens, shops and other facilities were also targeted. During the war, the key infrastructure, including roads and bridges, was heavily damaged. Major roads, particularly those connecting Stepanakert with neighboring villages, as well as inter-district and inter-community roads, were targeted. These attacks clearly violated the principle of distinction between civilian and military targets, demonstrating that Azerbaijan's strikes were deliberate and targeted in nature, further confirming the intentionality of the war crimes committed during the September 2020 conflict.

Keywordswar settlements infrastructure shelling air raids prohibited weapons crimes international law