Based on the comparative analysis of the causes and prerequisites of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire and the Yazidi Genocide in Sinjar, it can be concluded that the two identical crimes have much in common. Both the Armenian Genocide and the Yazidi Genocide were based on racist ideologies. If the Armenian Genocide was based on the ideology of pan-Turkism, then in the case of the Yazidi Genocide it was based on the ideology of Arabism and radical Islam. In both cases, the organizers of the genocides pursued the goal of depriving the indigenous peoples of the right to live in their homeland and taking over their territories, which became one of the main motives for committing these crimes. Along with common features, there are also certain differences. The Armenian Genocide and the Yazidi Genocide were committed in different eras and in different regions, which undoubtedly influenced the causes and preconditions of these identical crimes. The main difference in the causes and prerequisites of the two crimes is that while the Armenian Genocide was planned and prepared by the legitimate authorities of the Ottoman Empire on the eve of the First World War, the beginning of which became the signal for the implementation of this crime, the genocide of the Yazidis in Sinjar was prepared and carried out by the terrorist group ISIS, which took control of certain territories of Iraq, with the complicity of the authorities of the Kurdish autonomy, under the conditions of criminal inaction of the legitimate authorities.

Keywordsthe Armenian Genocide Ottoman Empire Pan-Turkism Yazidi Genocide Sinjar Province of Iraq (Shingal) ideology of Arabism radical Islam

The present article analyzes the participation of Armenian merchants in the development of the economy as an exceptional social reality in the region. This can also be considered as an expression of peaceful coexistence between Armenian and the local Christian and Islamic religious communities. Thus, from a chronological point of view, the study presents the XVII–XIX centuries when there was a conflict of interests between the great powers in the Middle East. However, even in those difficult times, the Armenian traders were able to expand their activities, connecting the East and the West, thus becoming a bridge between the local Middle East and the European societies. This explains the rise in the social structure of the Syrian, Iranian and Iraqi Armenian communities, bringing the traders’ progressive contribution to the development of these societies. Therefore, it can be said with certainty that being successful in trade contributes to the preservation of the national characteristics and image of their communities. This study was carried out by three researchers of the Armenian Communities and Diaspora Department of the Institute of History of NAS RA, based on some monographs, professional encyclopedias, periodical press articles and some other well-known experts’ studies in this field.

KeywordsArmenian traders Iraq Iran Aleppo economic history Basra Baghdad Old Julfa New Julfa caravan routes Levant Persian Gulf

Studying the consequences of various examples of genocide is important not only in terms of identifying the degree of their severity for the victim groups, but also in terms of clarifying the attitude of the international community towards these crimes at the time they were committed. It is important to understand what the position of the great powers was towards these crimes, whether it was expressed through simple condemnation, or certain measures were taken to stop the mass extermination of representatives of ethnic, racial, religious and national groups. From this point of view, in the context of comparing the consequences of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire and the Yezidi Genocide in the region Sinjar of Iraq, the object of the given study is the reaction and degree of intervention of the international community, and influential actors in world politics, with the aim of stopping the further extermination of representatives of the victim groups of these crimes. To achieve the stated goals and objectives, the study combines historicalcomparative and analytical methods, uses a wide range of primary and secondary sources, as well as interdisciplinary research by specialists.

KeywordsArmenian Genocide Ottoman Empire Yezidi Genocide region Sinjar of Iraq international intervention consequences of crimes conviction rates